Well, sadly I don’t think explains the Linux Live Problem. I do professional archiving and use multiple machines (ARM/x86/AMD64/PPC) for the job. I routinely write massive amounts of data and copy/recopy to check (on archival disk-stock) and this just NEVER happens, except with Linux discs.
Also, with this particular case, the last attempt was burned and read from a BRAND NEW external burner (literally this was it’s first burn) and it has its own external power supply.
As stated originally, much of the time, it is an MD5 Checksum-checkable condition, but since there are no MD5s here I can’t see about that.