Well, to enable guest access to a shared folder I had to do following
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to take ownership both user and group of the /media/ folder where my USB external HDD is mounted (I did this earlier on some other Linux Distros as well)
sudo chown <username> /media/<username> sudo chgrp <username> /media/<username>
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Then on this same folder I applied chmod 775, meaning that guest access won't entail a possibility to delete or change something
sudo chmod 775 /media/<username>
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Prior to this this folder was mounted as
drwxr-x---+ root root
Now it wasdrwxrwxr-x+ <username> <username>
I assume that guest share was masked for all subfolders recursively.
- Then I did not try using caja-share right-mouse click option but instead went for smb.conf as per this instruction
https://computingforgeeks.com/install-and-configure-samba-server-share-on-debian-ubuntu/
Create mode and Directory mode were only downgraded to 775 and I did not occupy with the tutorial part beginning with Configure secure samba share and thereafter.
Maybe right-mouse click might have worked as well?
At the end I removed the old rule for the folder in /var/lib/samba/usershares/
Now sharing of the folder works both for guest users without a possibility of changing something, and I can have a full access with my own credentials.