I'm not sure what you're asking, and got confused.
Debian offer two different installers; selected by the ISO you choose to download & thus install with; which don't end with an identical result; but differences don't impact desktop packages (can impact user experience; eg. sudo etc; I tend to prefer the calamares installer method as its closer to Ubuntu's defaults)
I am a Debian user, as well as Ubuntu, and I can't say that I really notice any differences between MATE desktops between them, on occasion switching my configs (inc. apps) between them as long as I ensure the app versions will align without issues (Debian LTS releases never align with Ubuntu LTS, and varies as to closest between the April/October of the odd year most of the time), but kernel issues aren't specific to desktop for the most part.
If you install Ubuntu MATE 25.10, you'll get the full Ubuntu MATE experience, but if you install another Ubuntu system, and add metapackages you can get something that can somewhat align with upstream Debian (or the Debian+Ubuntu MATE team's uploads) rather than Ubuntu MATE's pure install experience; maybe it's your install method??
( I do tend to use Debian testing (14) more on desktop; so it may have been a long time since I used MATE on Debian 13; though I'm using Ubuntu more than 75% of the time anyway )
I do note the kernel you mention doesn't appear updated
linux-generic | 6.17.0-5.5 | questing | amd64, amd64v3, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
linux-generic | 6.17.0-5.5.1 | questing | riscv64
linux-generic | 6.17.0-14.14 | questing-security | amd64, amd64v3, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
linux-generic | 6.17.0-14.14 | questing-updates | amd64, amd64v3, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, s390x
linux-generic | 6.17.0-14.14.1 | questing-security | riscv64
linux-generic | 6.17.0-14.14.1 | questing-proposed | riscv64
linux-generic | 6.17.0-14.14.1 | questing-updates | riscv64
The questing line represents Ubuntu MATE 25.10 install media; where the -updates and -security lines are what you'd expect on 'updated' systems, (-security if only security updates are being installed).
This site doesn't support Debian kernels; Ubuntu [MATE] only or MATE desktop support.