Not sure about this but I think the problem may be a mismatch in arch naming between what it was and what it is now.
If i do this :
arch-test
amd64
i386
elf-arch ./dcc
x32
There is a difference between i386 and x32 which is probably why I get this when attempting to run:
./dcc
bash: ./dcc: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error
On my working Armbian X64 system test-arch also lists x32 !!!!!!
arch-test
amd64
i386
x32
I found the issue. x32 has been removed from Ubuntu Mate. Now to to check vanilla Ubuntu.
Update :
Vanilla Ubuntu is the same.
Next question at what version version/update did this occur.
Update :
Works on Focal 20.04.6. All I had to do to get it get it going was install libc6-x32.
So that confirms bi-arch x32 support has been broken or dropped.
I down graded my Ubuntu Mate 22.04 kernel from 6.5 to 5.15 and I now have 32 binaries working again.
When I issue the command arch-test on the 515 kernel it includes "x32" but not on the 6.5 kernel.
I wonder if this is intentional. If not maybe somebody should be informed. But who?
How should I raise this?