I examined the installation syslog a bit and searched for "error" messages (pasted below).
Ubuntu Mate was supposed to be installed on the partition #5 of /dev/nvme0n1
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: Started ACPI Events Check.
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate kernel: [ 0.240968] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate kernel: [ 0.240969] rcu: Max phase no-delay instances is 1000.
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) being skipped.
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: Started Trigger anacron every hour.
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate kernel: [ 0.248355] smpboot: Total of 4 processors activated (21558.20 BogoMIPS)
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate kernel: [ 0.249572] devtmpfs: initialized
Mar 14 19:39:48 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) being skipped.
Mar 14 19:39:56 ubuntu-mate tlp[2247]: Error: tlp.service is not enabled, power saving will not apply on boot.
Mar 14 19:39:56 ubuntu-mate tlp[2247]: >>> Invoke 'systemctl enable tlp.service' to correct this!
Mar 14 19:41:15 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.o5zXrhGCro: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:16 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.o5zXrhGCro.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:16 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.o5zXrhGCro.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:16 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.o5zXrhGCro: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:17 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.S8x6o802Xe: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:17 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.S8x6o802Xe.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:17 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.S8x6o802Xe: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:17 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.c2AC4oqGOz: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:18 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.S8x6o802Xe.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:18 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.c2AC4oqGOz.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:18 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.c2AC4oqGOz: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:18 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.kKYxd6gzhn: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.c2AC4oqGOz.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.kKYxd6gzhn: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.kKYxd6gzhn.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate kernel: [ 105.162687] nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.NSf8U3xaH8: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd-udevd[5247]: nvme0n1p1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p1' failed with exit code 1.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd-udevd[5158]: nvme0n1p4: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p4' failed with exit code 1.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd-udevd[6309]: nvme0n1p5: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p5' failed with exit code 1.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd-udevd[5245]: nvme0n1p3: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p3' failed with exit code 1.
Mar 14 19:41:19 ubuntu-mate systemd-udevd[5249]: nvme0n1p2: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p2' failed with exit code 1.
Mar 14 19:41:20 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.NSf8U3xaH8.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:20 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.NSf8U3xaH8: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:20 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.NSf8U3xaH8.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:20 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.Doe5RCFKX5: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/nvme0n1p1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:21 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.Doe5RCFKX5.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Mar 14 19:41:21 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: mount: /tmp/tmp.Doe5RCFKX5: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
Mar 14 19:41:21 ubuntu-mate systemd[1]: tmp-tmp.Doe5RCFKX5.mount: Deactivated successfully
Mar 14 19:52:13 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: py_compile.py: error: the following arguments are required: filenames
Mar 14 19:52:13 ubuntu-mate plugininstall.py: log-output -t ubiquity chroot /target python3.10 /usr/lib/python3.10/py_compile.py
Mar 14 19:52:13 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: usage: py_compile.py [-h] [-q] filenames [filenames ...]
Mar 14 19:52:13 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: py_compile.py: error: the following arguments are required: filenames
Mar 14 19:52:13 ubuntu-mate plugininstall.py: log-output -t ubiquity chroot /target python3.10 /usr/lib/python3.10/py_compile.py
Mar 14 19:52:14 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/Onboard/LayoutLoaderSVG.py:447: SyntaxWarning: 'str' object is not callable; perhaps you missed a comma?
Mar 14 19:52:14 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: raise Exceptions.LayoutFileError("Unrecognized modifier %s in" \
Mar 14 19:53:13 ubuntu-mate grub-installer: Installation finished. No error reported.
Mar 14 19:53:13 ubuntu-mate grub-installer: info: grub-install ran successfully
Mar 14 19:53:40 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-32-generic#015
Mar 14 19:53:47 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/ip_discovery.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:47 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/vega10_cap.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:47 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/sienna_cichlid_cap.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:47 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/navi12_cap.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:47 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/aldebaran_cap.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_imu.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_rlc.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_mec.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_me.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_pfp.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_0_toc.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/sdma_6_0_1.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/sienna_cichlid_mes1.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/sienna_cichlid_mes.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/navi10_mes.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_mes1.bin for module amdgpu#015
Mar 14 19:53:48 ubuntu-mate ubiquity: W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/amdgpu/gc_11_0_1_mes.bin for module amdgpu#015