TL;DR: Your monitor is also lying to your ms-windows , but your ms-windows knows about it by 3rd party info... 
History:
In the first decennium of this century, many, if not most, manufacturers produced computerdisplays with a buggy EDID (which often couldn't be updated with new firmware)
It is awful to say but it is pretty mainstream for a 2004-display to have a faulty EDID.
Therefore, manufacturers almost always had a "driver" or "display definition file" for microsoft windows (something like "Crestron_23QA7_rB.inf") that contained corrections or a complete replacement for the EDID submitted values.
These were often part of windows' updates because the manufacturers would do anything to get their products supported by microsoft and gladly pushed every inf/driver/update to redmond.
In linux we have to work around these kind of bugs manually if the manufacturer made a botchjob of its EDID firmware. But as you can see, it is relatively simple to correct it, although it is a bit outside the comfortzone for some users.
It is a bit silly actually, when you think about it.
EDID was invented to avoid manual configuration or any driver/inf-file hell 
How about today ?
Anyway, that era has ended luckily. Pretty much all displays nowadays have a good working EDID and problems like this are mostly of the past 