I have experienced a similar problem with20.04 vs 18.04. A large (4TB) drive that is partitioned on 18.04 using cfdisk to create a single gpt partition will mount on 20.04 as sata or as usb 3.
The same drive partitioned on 20.04 in the same way will mount as sata but NOT via usb on either 18.04 or 20.04.
Noticed that cfdisk on 18.04 is version 2.31.1 and on 20.04 is 2.34.
Also noticed that when drive will mount, a # ls /dev/sd* will reveal the partition (e.g., /dev/sdb1) present but when the drive will not mount the /dev/sdb is present but /dev/sdb1 is NOT present.
So, so far, as long as I partition the drive on 18.04 there is not a problem with mounting as sata or as usb3. I do not consider this a solution but it has helped me to migrate some drives to 20.04.
The original problem showed up when trying to move drives from 16.04 (gparted) directly to 20.04. Nothing worked except to ftp files from 16.04 to 20.04 -- the 20.04 drives had to be directly connected to a sata port. Later, when 18.04 got into the fray, the 20.04 partitioning became suspect.
I hope this helps the people who fix this stuff.
/bd