As a workaround, I’d copy the icon(s*) you want to .local/share/icons/ and either name them what’s in the .desktop file ( appimagekit-gravit-designer.XYZ) or change the .desktop file to match your icon’s name.
* If you have multiple sizes, you can make subfolders like 16x16, 32x32 and so on, just make sure the icon files has the correct name.
I've also got a program that show's the default cog-wheel icon in the mate mutiny-style dock. (In the main menu it has the proper icon.) The program is VeraCrypt, which I installed through the Software Boutique.
I'm afraid that I'd need a more step-by-step walkthrough than the above user, as I'm pretty new to Linux - I don't know where I'd find the 'desktop entry' similar to the one tomasantunes posted. But is it possible to go in and change these icons?