This must be a regional thing (UK here), because I could download the original file without signing up by clicking "Or continue with download only" at the bottom like in @Philippe's screenshot.
@Philippe have you added either ppa that myself or @lah7 suggested and upgraded to the latest version and then try to open the photo(s) in question?
Since you can't determine if the photos were taken with iOS18 it might be worth a try and upgrade to the latest version of heif-gdk-pixbuf and see if the photos open.
So this photo is taken with an older iPhone and it won't open in either Ubuntu24.04 or Win11.By default Win11 can open any .HEIC file.
This leads me to believe that this is an issue on your end or the files in question are indeed altered and/or corrupted. This or the sourceb of the photo itself is suspect.
This will be the only thing that I will address as Win11 and the various online image hosting services you use have no bearing on this.
I have no issues opening .HEIC photos on my 24.04 system.I have heif-gdk-pixbuf version 1.19.8 installed and I can open .HEIC photos from any iOS version.
My suggestion once again is to install the latest version of heif-gdk-pixbuf available for 24.04 and see if the photo opens.If it opens great,if it doesn't then you just uninstall the newer version and it's PPA and reinstall the original from the repos and you're back where you started and then you can try another approach.