checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking for exo-2 >= 0.12.0... not found
*** The required package exo-2 was not found on your system.
*** Please install exo-2 (atleast version 0.12.0) or adjust
*** the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
*** installed the package in a nonstandard prefix so that
*** pkg-config is able to find it.
I get one problem fixed, then some other library etc is missing.
Is there no simple way of installing Thunar 1.8.2?
Why does it have to be made installed of simply installed?
Compiling from source code needs installation of special development packages (build dependencies). Thunar is packaged in Ubuntu, so you can use the command below to get its build-dependencies:
You need to open Software & Updates application from GUI or by software-properties-gtk command. Then check [ ] Source Code on the first tab and confirm reloading software lists.
For all such problems the packages.ubuntu.com is good search resource. It would be really great if you learn how to use it and use it by yourself next time.