Even though Show Desktop Icons is ticked in MATE Tweak | Windows panel, Desktop Icons are not shown after User Login. In addition, the Desktop right-click menu is absent. The icons will appear if in the Places menu, Desktop is selected. This will also restore the Desktop right-click menu but does not survive a logout/login or reboot cycle.
A solution, that does survive logout/login or reboot is to use dconf Editor from the System Tools menu and set org.mate.session set auto-save-session true
My system used to behave as you described, but suddenly about a week ago, the icons & menu disappeared.
I suspect that at that time I triggered an obscure bug which I have not been able to isolate.
I installed a fresh 16.04.1 in a virtual environment, completed all the appropriate links in the Welcome screen. I did not install any of my usual software, and I did not remove to lower panel; so I have a default install. Desktop icons selected With MATE Tweak show up after a reboot.
Confirmed that my system is up to date using, in a terminal:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
with the result: 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
I added a new user and did not make any changes to the default desktop. Confirmed that the MATE Tweak
setting Show Desktop Icons was enabled. After a logout/login the desktop icons appeared.
There is something in my normal user settings, or perhaps the .cache, that is triggering the disappearing icons.
dpkg --configure -a did not produce any messages
Also ran
apt-get --fix-missing install - ‘0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded’ message
apt-get --fix-broken install - ‘0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded’ message
Is there a procedure to reset the mate desktop to the default ?
mate-panel --reset in a terminal had no effect.
To have desktop icons survive have to have auto-save-session set true.
This is not a major issue for me since it has become a preference.
My usual practice is to have 2 Caja windows and 2 terminals open on the same workspace.
Saving the session reduces mouse movement and clicks on login.