I wrote a guide a couple of years ago on using testdisk:
testdisk can scan for lost/deleted partitions, which would make life easier then needing to sort a massive list of random filenames. If the partition can't be recovered, then the photo files can be salvaged using photorec (from the same developers).
The package (which includes photorec) can be installed from the Ubuntu repositories -- no external repository or compiling needed:
sudo apt install testdisk
Is there any chance of me destroying my drive’s lost data if I utilize this tool incorrectly?
As long as nothing is writing to the "lost" disk, the data will still be there. Make sure you've got plenty of room on another drive to store the recovered (or fragments of) files.