During installation (which is text-based), choose the "basic" MATE Desktop option
After rebooting, it starts in the terminal.
What I did to get the desktop going:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-mate-core^
$ sudo apt-get install lightdm
(Or install your choice of display manager)
$ sudo apt-get install lightdm-gtk-greeter
(The corresponding greeter)
$ systemctl is-enabled lightdm
(Should say enabled)
$ sudo shutdown now
Upon restart, should see a basic graphical login prompt. Login as normally done in MATE.
Disk usage is around 3-4 Gb. Memory about 280 Mb at rest.
You should use --no-install-recommends when installing ubuntu-mate-core amd/or ubuntu-mate-desktop via apt.
This is because, by default, apt installs recommended packages. However, the Ubuntu MATE seeds disable following recommended packages. This is to prevent Ubiquity installing recommended packages. The reason I do this is because if you install the recommended packages you get parts or GNOME3 and Unity pulled in that clutter up the system.