You've not told us your release, which is detailed information about your software stack.
Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS was the last release using PulseAudio for sound, so the first command your detail shows applies to 22.04 & earlier, and thus is expected for newer releases.
Modern releases do include some PulseAudio packages, as PipeWire behind the scenes controls the sound, but some Pulse Audio controls can still be used.
What release are you using? and if it was a recent release using PipeWire, what changes you made may also be helpful.
The fact that your speakers are plugged into an audio-out port dictates that the controlling element is the interface board, not the speakers themselves.
So, some details on specific hardware could reveal the nature of the issue.
Also, be sure to select the correct choice (Built-in Audio for the 3.5 mm "sound jack") from the list offered in the tab shown below for "Sound Preferences" (HDMI would likely be the port that is currently selected and directing sound to your TV monitor):
Also, when you choose the Output, since your external speakers have their own power-supply, make sure you chose "Line Out" and not "Headphones", as shown below:
Lastly, maybe some of the pulseaudio settings are affecting your experience. Looking at the output of the following command might give you insight into a setting that is working against you:
pulseaudio --dump-conf
To be sure, let's not overlook the obvious: make sure the "mute" setting is turned off.
If you have pulseaudio running as a daemon, I believe you need to kill that, then start Pipewire as a daemon, but that is only a guess! Notice the PIDs for startup sequencing.
Andy this might help you. This is audacious. It is pipewire out. It took me a few months to figure it out when it first went from Pulse audio to pipewire.