Ok, here is how I solved my problem after trying some suggestions from @wolfman and @stevecook172001.
Downloaded the Windows driver (DWA-510_A1_V1.40s0023_WW_20090923.zip) from official site of the card model (Here, it is in portuguese). Picture of my wifi card:
Extracted the contents of the zip folder and using ndisgtk (you can install using apt-get) I selected the .NetRt61G.INF file inside the WinXPx64 folder to install as the driver. I tried to use the Win7x64 driver but some reason it doesnt work.
Here are two screenshots so anyone with the same problem can follow as a guide:
This is the file to select to install (see the path):
And this is the result after installing the driver:
Once again, thanks for the help guys. The problem is solved now.