Your fstab doesn’t show any disc drives, so we can rule out that as being the problem.
Is it possible for you to mount the drive anyway? What does the error say exactly?
sudo mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
Even better, check the Disks program if the drive reads “No medium” or “Unknown” when a disc is inserted.
Otherwise, you say it’s an old HP Pavilion … I presume a desktop tower? If so, you could try connecting the drive to a different SATA port.
If it’s the older IDE type of drive, there may be jumper switches for “Master” and “Slave”… “master” being the one it should be set to.
You may also want to check the BIOS settings for the drive.
If nothing above works, tell us a bit more about this drive:
sudo lshw -C disk
The worst case scenario (and potentially the case) is that the drive is physically unusable, like the laser was burnt out, and the drive needs replacing.