If you were to do an apt info mate-desktop ubuntu-mate-desktop you'd see the following (note: I'm using these two packages as examples; one is maintained by a combined team, whilst the second is Ubuntu MATE specific)
Package: mate-desktop
Version: 1.28.2-1
Priority: optional
Section: universe/x11
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian+Ubuntu MATE Packaging Team <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
...
Package: ubuntu-mate-desktop
Version: 1.306
Priority: optional
Section: universe/metapackages
Source: ubuntu-mate-meta
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
and that was on my current Ubuntu system, if I run the command on a Debian box it's essentially the same detail
guiverc@de2900:~$ apt info mate-desktop
Package: mate-desktop
Version: 1.26.0-2
Priority: optional
Section: x11
Maintainer: Debian+Ubuntu MATE Packaging Team <[email protected]>
MATE is packaged by the "Debian+Ubuntu MATE Packaging Team", and lack of resources in one does tend to impact the other (noticed by users of Debian testing for example); which is part of why MATE has received fewer fixes of late, and when some work was done but problems arose, the packages have remained stuck there for a longish time before another Debian/Ubuntu (GNOME) developer helped to fix the issue allowing MATE to finally upload & build.
The result of fewer contributors is shown in the packages we've seen of late (my opinion), eg.
mate-desktop | 1.20.1-2ubuntu1 | bionic/universe | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
mate-desktop | 1.24.0-2 | focal/universe | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
mate-desktop | 1.26.0-1 | jammy/universe | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
mate-desktop | 1.26.2-1.1build3 | noble/universe | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
mate-desktop | 1.26.2-1.2 | plucky/universe | source, amd64, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
mate-desktop | 1.26.2-1.2build1 | questing/universe | source, amd64, amd64v3, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
mate-desktop | 1.28.2-1 | resolute/universe | source, amd64, amd64v3, arm64, armhf, ppc64el, riscv64, s390x
with resolute having the newer version thankfully as the GNOME developer fixed an issue.
Yes the upstream packages should still be in the repository, but there could be fewer updates & thus Ubuntu could have older software. Further as Debian releases in the odd year (when ready), Ubuntu LTS would always have the prior year's version if it was only uploaded by Debian's developers for their own release. The Ubuntu specific packages (ubuntu-mate-desktop in my example) would just risk being stale (until removed) if left unmaintained.
LXDE is probably a good example to consider; it was used by Lubuntu until they switched to LXQt back in mid-2018; but LXDE packages still exist in Ubuntu repositories; no longer maintained by Lubuntu team but are now purely upstream Debian imports. Some users of Ubuntu who still use them may have noticed changes (Lubuntu defaults differed to upstream's Debian with LXDE) but once encountered these are easily worked around anyway.
Packages do tend to remain in repositories as long as someone helps maintain them.
Please note: I'm not a Ubuntu MATE developer, not even a developer, so this reply maybe less than if a developer had written it.